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Viewing articles tagged 'caching'

"Mailbox Quota Exceeded" Bounces Mail is being refused because a mailbox is full.IF IT IS YOUR MAILBOXcPanel > Email Accounts... "Not Secure" in the Address Bar The browser is telling visitors the page is not encrypted.TWO DIFFERENT SITUATIONSThe page loaded... 502 Bad Gateway The server received an invalid response from an upstream process.WHAT IT MEANSSomething between... 503 Service Unavailable The server cannot handle the request at present.WHAT IT MEANSTemporary unavailability. Different... 508 Resource Limit Is Reached Your account hit a plan allowance.WHAT IT MEANSNot a fault. Your account reached its CPU, memory,... A Correct Cloudflare Configuration for a Business Website What good looks like.DNSRoot domain and www: proxiedMail hostname and MX: DNS onlycPanel, FTP and... A Correct Configuration for an Online Shop Additional considerations when selling.EVERYTHING FROM THE STANDARD CONFIGURATIONPlus the... A Simple Deployment Workflow Getting code from your machine to the server reliably.THE BASIC FLOWDevelop locally.Commit and... A Speed Improvement Plan What to do, in order.STEP ONE: MEASURERun a speed test on three pages. Note the page size and the... Addresses and Names: Everything That Matters, Briefly The summary.THE THREE THINGS THAT MUST AGREE ON A DEVICEAddress, subnet mask, and gateway.An... Addresses, Domains and Name Resolution Finding things.WHAT AN ADDRESS ISA number identifying a device on a network.WHAT THE TWO VERSIONS... Alternatives and When to Use Them Other mapping options.WHAT ALTERNATIVES EXISTOpen mapping data, with self-hosted or third-party... Alternatives to Cloudflare Other ways to get the same benefits.OTHER CDN PROVIDERSSeveral offer similar services, some with... Always Online Serving a cached copy when your site is down.WHAT IT DOESIf our server is unreachable, Cloudflare... Are you sure you want to do this? A WordPress security check failed.WHAT IT MEANSA nonce, the token WordPress uses to verify that a... Authoritative Versus Recursive DNS Two different roles.AUTHORITATIVEServers holding the actual records for a domain. They are the... Automating Deployment with Scripts Turning several steps into one command.WHAT A DEPLOYMENT SCRIPT DOESPulls the latest code... Automating Routine Maintenance Housekeeping.WHAT ACCUMULATESLog files Temporary files Old backups Session data Orphaned uploads... Automating With Platform Pipelines Continuous integration on hosted platforms.WHAT PIPELINES DORun defined steps automatically when... Avoiding Plugin Overlap Two plugins doing one job.WHERE IT HAPPENSCaching: two caching plugins conflict badlySEO: two SEO... Avoiding State Management Mistakes Common errors.PUTTING EVERYTHING IN A GLOBAL STOREWhich makes the application difficult to reason... Azure Databases Managed data services.WHAT OPTIONS EXISTManaged relational databases Document and multi-model... Backend and Full-Stack: Everything That Matters, Briefly The summary.THE BROWSER IS UNDER THE USER'S CONTROLAnything requiring trust — authorisation,... Backend Architecture: Everything That Matters, Briefly The summary.KEEP BUSINESS RULES INDEPENDENT OF DELIVERY AND STORAGEThey can then be tested... Backup Costs and Storage Planning What it actually costs to be protected.WHAT YOU PAY FORCloud storage, which for a typical website... Backups Are Too Large or Taking Too Long When the account has outgrown the arrangement.WHY IT MATTERSLarge backups time out, consume... Blocking Execution in Upload Directories A single measure that prevents a class of attack.THE ATTACKAn attacker finds a way to upload a... Bot Traffic and Resource Use Traffic that is not customers.THE SCALEOn many small sites, automated requests exceed human... Broken Functionality After Enabling Cloudflare Things that stop working.THE USUAL CULPRITSRocket Loader, which changes when scripts execute... Broken Layout or Missing Styles The site loads without its design.THE USUAL CAUSEThe site URL setting is wrong, so stylesheets... Browser Caching Storing files on the visitor's device.WHAT IT DOESTells the visitor's browser to keep files it... Build Systems and Compilation Producing runnable output.WHAT A BUILD DOESTurns source into something executable or... Build Tools: Everything That Matters, Briefly The summary.VERSIONED FILENAMES ARE WHAT MAKE CACHING SAFEAssets can then be cached indefinitely,... Building an API on Shared Hosting Practical considerations.WHAT WORKSA PHP API using any framework, or none. This is ordinary web... Building an Online Shop, Part Two: Briefly Shipping, orders, performance and launch.FOR SHIPPINGZones by area, with rates that reflect your... Building Container Images Packaging an application.WHAT AN IMAGE ISThe packaged filesystem and configuration a container... Building for the Web: Everything That Matters, Briefly The whole category in one page.STRUCTURE, PRESENTATION AND BEHAVIOUR ARE SEPARATEMarkup describes... Building Mobile Applications for This Market Local conditions.WHAT TO ASSUME ABOUT USERSAndroid, overwhelmingly Devices across a wide... Caching Storing expensive results.WHAT TO CACHEExpensive queries Computed results External API responses... Caching a Shop Correctly What to cache and what not to.WHAT MUST NOT BE CACHEDCart Checkout My account Any page showing... Caching a WooCommerce Store Correctly Caching is essential for a shop and dangerous if configured carelessly.WHAT MUST NEVER BE... Caching and Delivery Serving efficiently.WHAT CACHING ACHIEVESRepeat visits transferring almost nothing.WHAT TO... Caching as the First Answer Why it fixes most resource problems.WHAT IT DOESServes a stored copy instead of building the... Caching Explained Caching stores the result of work already done so it does not have to be repeated. It is the... Caching HTML Pages at Cloudflare Making the proxy serve pages.WHY YOU MIGHTBy default every page request reaches us and runs your... Caching in Backend Systems Avoiding repeated work.WHAT TO CACHEExpensive computations Frequently repeated queries External... Caching on a VPS Multiple layers, each solving a different problem.OPCODE CACHINGOPcache stores compiled PHP so it... Caching Plugins and Performance Tools Making applications fast.ON OUR SERVERSWe run LiteSpeed, so the LiteSpeed Cache plugin uses... Caching Strategies Avoiding repeated work.WHERE CACHING HAPPENSIn the browser At a delivery network At a reverse... Caching Strategies for Developers Making an application fast.THE LAYERSOpcode caching: OPcache, which removes PHP recompilation.... Caching Systems Beyond the Edge Application and data caching.WHERE CACHING HAPPENSThe browser A delivery network A reverse proxy... Cannot write to directory or Read-only file system Writes are refused.THE COMMON CAUSESPermissions wrong Ownership wrong Disk quota full Inode limit... Cart Emptying or Not Updating Items disappear from the cart, or the cart count is wrong.THE USUAL CAUSECaching. The cart is... Cart is empty or contents lost at checkout The cart clears unexpectedly.THE USUAL CAUSECaching. Cart and checkout pages must never be... CDN and SEO Considerations Effects on search visibility.WHAT HELPSFaster pages, which is a modest ranking factor and a real... CDN Versus Server-Side Caching Two different things people confuse.SERVER-SIDE CACHINGStores generated pages on our server. A... Certificate Chains and Intermediate Certificates Why a certificate sometimes works in one place and not another.HOW THE CHAIN WORKSYour... Certificate Errors in One Browser Only When the problem follows a specific browser.WHAT IT USUALLY MEANSThe certificate is fine and... Certificate Errors on Mobile Only The site works on a computer and warns on a phone.THE USUAL CAUSEA missing intermediate... Changes Not Appearing on the Site Stale content after an update.THE THREE CACHESYour application's cache Cloudflare's cache Your... Changing the Document Root of a Domain The document root is the folder a domain serves files from. Changing it is useful when a... Checking DNS From the Command Line The faster method.WHY BOTHERFaster than any web interface, and it works without an internet... Checkout Errors and Failures When customers cannot complete a purchase.FIRST, REPRODUCE ITBuy something yourself, as a guest,... Checkout page not loading or blank The final step fails.WHAT IT COSTSEvery minute this is broken is lost revenue, and customers... Choosing Between REST, GraphQL and gRPC Which approach suits.CHOOSE REST WHENThe API is public Consumers are varied and unknown Caching... Choosing Hosting for an Online Store A shop needs more than a brochure site.WHAT MATTERSMemory. Set memory_limit to at least 256M.... Choosing the Right Hosting Plan The right plan depends on four things: how many sites you run, how much traffic they get, how... Choosing VPS Specifications Sizing a server for what you actually run.START FROM THE WORKLOADA single WordPress site with... Choosing Where to Optimise The order that gives results.THE HONEST ORDERCompress and resize images. Almost always the... Choosing WooCommerce Extensions Wisely Every extension is code running on every page load.BEFORE INSTALLING ANYTHINGAsk whether the shop... Cleaning Up Your Hosting Account Recovering space and reducing clutter.WHAT TO REMOVEBackup archives you have downloaded Old site... Cloudflare Analytics and What It Tells You Reading the dashboard.REQUESTSTotal, and the proportion served from cache.A high cache hit ratio... Cloudflare and AutoSSL Making certificates issue correctly.THE PROBLEMAutoSSL validates a domain by placing a file on... Cloudflare and CDN: Everything That Matters, Briefly The whole category in one page.WHAT CLOUDFLARE ISA layer between visitors and our servers,... Cloudflare and Mobile Visitors Performance where most of your traffic is.WHY IT MATTERSMost Nigerian traffic is mobile,... Cloudflare and Staging Sites Keeping test environments separate.THE PROBLEMA staging site behind Cloudflare with caching... Cloudflare and Subdomains Handling additional hostnames.ADDING A SUBDOMAINCreate it in cPanel first, so the hosting serves... Cloudflare and Your Server Resources What it does and does not reduce.WHAT IT REDUCESBandwidth, substantially, since static files are... Cloudflare APO for WordPress Caching dynamic pages properly.WHAT IT ISA paid Cloudflare feature that caches WordPress HTML at... Cloudflare Free Versus Paid Plans What the free plan actually covers.THE FREE PLANDNS hosting Unlimited bandwidth through the proxy... Cloudflare Optimisation Features Minification, compression and the rest.WHAT IS OFFEREDMinification of HTML, CSS and JavaScript... Cloudflare Pages and Static Hosting Hosting a site at Cloudflare itself.WHAT IT ISHosting for static sites, built from a repository... Cloudflare Says the Site Is Fine and It Is Not When the dashboard disagrees with reality.THE SITUATIONCloudflare reports normal operation, and... Cloudflare Settings That Commonly Cause Problems The short list.FLEXIBLE SSLCauses redirect loops and is insecure. Use Full (strict).The single... Cloudflare Settings to Review Annually A yearly check.DNSEvery record still needed, and nothing missing Proxy states correct,... Cloudflare Terminology Explained The words in the dashboard.ZONE: a domain added to Cloudflare, with its own records and... Cloudflare Workers and Advanced Features Beyond the basics.WHAT WORKERS ARECode that runs at Cloudflare's edge, between visitor and... Combining Cloudflare With Server-Side Caching Two caching layers working together.THE ARRANGEMENTLiteSpeed cache on our servers generates and... Common Cloudflare Misconceptions What people believe that is not true.THAT IT MAKES ANY SITE FASTIt caches static assets. Pages... Common FTP Problems When the connection fails.CANNOT CONNECT AT ALLCheck the address, username and password Check the... Common Multilingual Problems What goes wrong.THE SWITCHER GOES TO THE HOMEPAGEIt should go to the equivalent... Common Problems With These Sites What goes wrong.MEMBERS CANNOT ACCESS CONTENT THEY PAID FORCheck their subscription status Check... Common Technical SEO Problems What goes wrong.THE SITE IS NOT INDEXEDThe visibility setting, or robots.txt.PAGES ARE... Computer Architecture and Systems: Everything That Matters, Briefly The summary.REAL PERFORMANCE IS DETERMINED BY THE MEMORY HIERARCHYSequential access uses every... Computer Architecture Fundamentals How processors are designed.WHAT AN INSTRUCTION SET ARCHITECTURE ISThe interface between hardware... Configuration and Secrets Management Keeping settings out of code.WHAT BELONGS OUTSIDE THE CODECredentials API keys Endpoints... Configuring Caching Correctly Controlling what is stored and for how long.WHAT CONTROLS CACHINGResponse headers stating how... Configuring Database Access Connecting.WHAT TO SETThe connection type, host, database name, username and password.WHEREIn the... Configuring the Environment on Your Hosting Settings in production.WHAT TO CREATEThe environment file, on the server, from your example.WHAT... Consuming External APIs Calling other services.WHAT THE FRAMEWORK PROVIDESAn HTTP client with a clear interface.WHAT TO... Continuous Integration for Any Language Automated verification.WHAT IT DOESRuns checks automatically on every change.WHAT TO RUNBuild... Continuous Integration for Apple Projects Automating builds.WHAT IT REQUIRESA build machine running macOS.WHAT OPTIONS EXISTApple's own... Controlling Bot and Crawler Traffic Reducing unwanted requests.WHAT YOU WANTSearch engine crawlers, at a reasonable rate.WHAT YOU DO... Controlling Maps Platform Costs Managing spend.WHY IT REQUIRES ATTENTIONCosts scale directly with usage, and a public page with a... Cost Considerations When Using AI What it actually costs.CHAT INTERFACESUsually a monthly subscription, or a free tier with... Data Fetching and State in Nuxt Applications Loading and sharing data.WHAT THE FRAMEWORK PROVIDESComposables for fetching, handling server and... Database Limits on Your Plan What is allowed.WHAT IS TYPICALLY LIMITEDThe number of databases Total disk space, which... Database Performance Making queries fast.WHAT TO MEASURE FIRSTWhich queries are slow, and how many run per... Database Terminology Explained The words you will encounter.TABLE: a collection of rows of one kindROW or RECORD: one itemCOLUMN... Dealing with Bad Bots and Scrapers Not all automated traffic is malicious, but a great deal of it is worthless to you and expensive... Debugging Framework Applications Finding faults in component code.WHAT TO ESTABLISH FIRSTWhether the data is wrong, or the... Debugging Intermittent Problems Faults that do not reproduce on demand.WHY THEY ARE HARDYou cannot test a fix if you cannot... Debugging Laravel Applications Finding problems.WHERE TO LOOK FIRSTThe application log.WHAT IT CONTAINSThe exception, the... Debugging Production Problems Diagnosing live systems.WHAT TO ESTABLISH FIRSTWhat exactly is failing For whom Since when... Debugging Web Applications Finding faults.WHERE TO LOOK FIRSTThe browser console, for frontend errors The server log, for... Deciding What Needs State Management Before reaching for a library.WHAT KINDS OF STATE EXISTLocal, belonging to one component Shared,... Deciding Whether Cloudflare Is Right for You An honest summary.USE IT IFYou receive attack or bot traffic consuming resources Your visitors... Dedicated IPs and Attack Exposure A dedicated address is directly attributable to you, which cuts both ways.WHAT CHANGESOn a shared... Dedicated IPs and SEO: No Effect A persistent myth worth addressing directly.THE CLAIMThat a dedicated IP improves search... Dedicated IPs and Site Speed: No Effect A dedicated IP does not make a website faster.WHY NOTThe address is how traffic is routed to the... Delivery and Caching: Everything That Matters, Briefly The summary.A LOW CACHE HIT RATE MEANS THE DELIVERY NETWORK IS ACHIEVING LITTLEQuery strings... Deploying Applications to Your VPS Getting code onto the server reliably.THE APPROACHESManual upload by SFTP. Simple, error-prone,... Deploying Backend Applications Safely Getting changes live.WHAT THE SEQUENCE USUALLY ISBack up Deploy the artefact Install dependencies... Deploying Changes Safely Updating a live application.WHAT TO PREPAREA tested change A backup of files and database A way... Deploying on cPanel: Everything That Matters, Briefly The summary.NEVER UPLOAD A LARAVEL PROJECT INTO THE PUBLIC DIRECTORY AS IT STANDSEverything... Deploying Python Code to Your Hosting Getting code onto the server.THE OPTIONSUploading files directly Pulling from a version control... Deploying React Framework Applications Getting them live.WHAT TO ESTABLISH FIRSTWhat output the framework produces What your hosting can... Deploying to Shared Hosting Practical constraints.WHAT IS DIFFERENTLimited or no terminal access No control over system... Deploying Web Applications Getting changes live.WHAT THE STEPS USUALLY AREBack up Deploy the code or artefact Install... Deployment and Maintenance: Everything That Matters, Briefly The summary.DISABLE DEBUG MODE IN PRODUCTIONIt exposes paths, versions and sometimes credentials.... Deployment: Everything That Matters, Briefly The summary.DEPLOY IN THE SAME ORDER, EVERY TIMEBack up, deploy code, install dependencies,... Designing a Deployment Process Making releases routine.WHAT A GOOD PROCESS ISRepeatable Automated, or precisely documented... Designing for Reliability Systems that keep working.WHAT AVAILABILITY MEANSThe proportion of time a system is usable.WHAT... Designing for Scale Handling more load.WHAT TO ESTABLISH FIRSTWhat the actual load is, and where the limit is.WHYMost... Designing Load Tests Realistic simulation.WHAT MAKES A LOAD TEST VALIDRealistic user behaviour Realistic data volume... Designing Systems That Scale Handling growth.WHAT VERTICAL SCALING ISA bigger machine.What it provides: simplicity, and no... Detecting a Visitor's Location Automatic regional content.HOW IT WORKSThe visitor's network address indicates an approximate... Diagnosing a Slow Server Finding the actual bottleneck.START BY MEASURINGIs the server slow, or is the application slow?... Diagnosing Intermittent Errors Problems that come and go.WHAT INTERMITTENT USUALLY MEANSA resource limit being hit at busy... Diagnosing Name Resolution Problems When names do not resolve.WHAT THE SYMPTOM ISAddresses work; names do not.Or one name fails while... Diagnosing Network Problems Understanding what is requested.WHAT THE NETWORK PANEL SHOWSEvery request made Its status Its... Diagnosing Redirect Loops The browser reports too many redirects and the page never loads.THE CAUSETwo or more things are... Diagnosing Slow PHP Execution When pages take too long.WHAT TO ESTABLISH FIRSTWhether it is all pages or some Whether it... Diagnosing Whether Cloudflare Is the Problem Establishing where a fault lies.THE QUICKEST TESTPause Cloudflare from the dashboard. Traffic... Directory and Listing Applications Sites where the content is entries.WHAT THEY AREBusiness directories, classified listings,... Disk Full: Emergency Response Everything breaks at once and nothing indicates why.CONFIRM ITdf -h. A filesystem at 100 per cent... Disk quota exceeded The account is full.WHAT BREAKSUploads fail Mail stops being delivered Databases may become... Disk Space and Inode Management Disks fill silently and break everything at once.WHAT HAPPENS WHEN A DISK FILLSApplications... DNS and Certificate Issuance How AutoSSL depends on DNS.THE CONNECTIONAutoSSL validates that you control a domain, usually by... DNS Architecture in Depth How resolution actually works.WHAT THE HIERARCHY ISRoot servers, knowing where each top-level... DNS Architecture: Everything That Matters, Briefly The summary.PROPAGATION IS CACHES EXPIRING, NOT DATA SPREADINGThere is nothing to accelerate.... DNS Considerations for Multiple Locations Serving different regions.WHAT PEOPLE WANTVisitors directed to a nearer server, or to... DNS Myths What people believe that is not true.THAT PROPAGATION TAKES 48 HOURS ALWAYSIt takes up to the... DNS Record Types Explained The records you will actually encounter.A RECORDPoints a name to an IPv4 address. Your domain's A... DNS Security Threats What goes wrong.CACHE POISONINGInjecting false data into a resolver's cache, directing users... DNS Terminology Explained The words you will encounter.REGISTRAR: where the domain is registeredREGISTRY: the organisation... DNS Terms Explained How names resolve to servers.DNSThe system translating domain names into server... Do You Actually Need a VPS? Most people asking do not, and some genuinely do.YOU PROBABLY DO IFYou need root access or custom... Domain Forwarding and Redirects Forwarding sends visitors from one domain to another.WHEN TO USE ITYou own several extensions of... Drupal Database Notes Working with a Drupal installation.THE CONFIGURATIONsettings.php holds the database credentials,... Drupal: Common Problems Frequent issues and their causes.WHITE SCREENEnable error display temporarily in settings.php, or... Editing Data Directly Changing a value by hand.WHEN THIS IS APPROPRIATECorrecting a site URL after a migration Fixing a... Effects and Side Effects Work outside rendering.WHAT AN EFFECT IS FORSynchronising with something outside React: a... Enabling Compression Sending less data.WHAT IT DOESCompresses text files before sending: HTML, CSS, JavaScript.The... Engines and Programming: Everything That Matters, Briefly The summary.BUILDING YOUR OWN ENGINE IS YEARS OF WORK BEFORE ANY GAME EXISTSJustified only when... Entry processes limit reached Too many simultaneous requests.WHAT IT MEANSYour account has a limit on concurrent PHP processes.... Error 522: Connection Timed Out Cloudflare waited and got nothing.WHAT IT MEANSCloudflare opened a connection and our server did... Extensions Most Stores Actually Need A short list, in the order most shops should add them.ESSENTIALYour payment gateway plugin An... Fair Use of Shared Hosting Resources Shared hosting works because typical websites use resources in short bursts. A few patterns break... Fetching Data From Websites Responsibly Retrieval and its limits.WHEN THIS IS APPROPRIATEAn API is offered: use it insteadData is... File Ownership and Why It Matters Who a file belongs to.WHAT OWNERSHIP ISEvery file belongs to a user and a group.WHY IT... 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Mailbox full or Quota exceeded A mailbox cannot accept more mail.IF IT IS YOUR MAILBOXcPanel > Email Accounts shows usage... Managing Application State Data that changes.WHAT STATE ISData determining what the interface shows.WHAT KINDS EXISTLocal:... Managing Autoloaded Data in WordPress A specific and common performance problem.WHAT IT ISOptions marked for autoload are loaded into... Managing Configuration Across Environments Settings that differ.WHAT DIFFERS BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTSCredentials Addresses and endpoints Debug... Managing Data in Large-Scale Computing Storage and movement.WHAT THE CONSTRAINT FREQUENTLY ISData movement, not computation.WHYMoving... Managing Dependencies and Build Tools The JavaScript ecosystem.WHAT A PACKAGE MANAGER DOESInstalls libraries and records exact... Managing Dependencies in a Pipeline Reproducible installs.WHAT TO COMMITThe declaration of what you require The lock file recording... 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Managing Phone Storage Running out of space.WHAT CONSUMES SPACEPhotographs and video Messaging applications, which store... Managing Product Images at Scale Images are the largest thing in most shops.BEFORE UPLOADINGResize to around 1200 pixels on the... Managing Resource-Heavy Clients When one client affects the others.THE SITUATIONYour allocation's CPU and memory limits are... Managing Sale Prices and Scheduled Discounts Running a sale without editing every product twice.SETTING A SALE PRICEOn the product's General... Managing Server Data Separately Data from an API is not application state.WHY IT IS DIFFERENTIt is owned elsewhere It can become... Measuring Whether Cloudflare Helped Checking the benefit is real.WHAT TO MEASURE BEFOREPage load time, from a testing tool, at a... Measuring Your Site Speed Properly Speed testing is easy to misread, and people frequently optimise the wrong thing as a result.THE... 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NET::ERR_CERT_AUTHORITY_INVALID The browser does not trust whoever issued the certificate.WHAT IT MEANSThe certificate was not... Network Attached Storage Storage served over a network.WHAT IT ISStorage presented as file shares over a network.WHAT... Networking for Digital Displays and Media Screens and streaming.WHAT IT CONSUMESContinuous download, particularly for video.WHAT TO PLAN... Networking Frameworks Communicating with servers.WHAT THE STANDARD FRAMEWORK PROVIDESRequests and responses Session... Networking: Everything That Matters, Briefly The whole category in one page.THE THREE THINGS EVERY CONNECTION NEEDSA link, an address, and an... Nextcloud: Setup and Practical Limits Self-hosted file storage.BEFORE INSTALLINGNextcloud is demanding. It needs substantial memory,... Node.js and Express: Everything That Matters, Briefly The summary.THE EVENT LOOP EXCELS AT CONNECTIONS, NOT COMPUTATIONBlocking it stalls every... NoSQL Stores in Data Engineering Non-relational systems.WHAT THE CATEGORIES AREKey-value: fast lookup by identifierDocument:... Object Caching and Database Caching Advanced caching.WHAT IT DOESStores the results of database queries so they are not repeated.WHEN... Object Caching and Its Effect on Databases Reducing repeated queries.WHAT IT ISStoring the results of database queries in memory, so... Offering Managed WordPress as a Product Specialising in one platform.WHAT IT MEANSHosting configured specifically for WordPress, with... Offering Performance Optimisation Selling speed as a service.WHAT IT INVOLVESMeasuring the current state Enabling and configuring... OpenCart: Setup Notes A lighter shop platform.WHO IT SUITSShops wanting something simpler than PrestaShop or Magento,... Operating DNSSEC Safely Avoiding self-inflicted outages.WHAT CAUSES MOST DNSSEC OUTAGESExpired signatures Key rollover... Optimising Front-End Assets The part of performance visitors feel most.THE BASICSCompress and resize images before they are... Optimising Images and Assets Images are usually the largest part of a page. Fixing them often halves load time with no other... Optimising Images for a Faster WordPress Site Images are usually the largest part of a page's weight. Getting them right often halves load... Optimising Inference Performance Making prediction fast and affordable.WHAT TO MEASURELatency, at the percentiles that matter... Optimising Laravel for Production Performance settings.WHAT TO CACHEConfiguration Routes Events Compiled templatesWHYIt removes... Optimising Slow Queries Finding and fixing the queries that cost time.FINDING THEMThe slow query log records queries... Optimising the Build Output Shipping less.WHAT TO MEASURE FIRSTTotal output size, and what the largest contributors... Ordering a VPS A VPS gives dedicated resources and root access. It also transfers server management to you... Ordering Additional Disk Space Extra storage is available as an add-on where your plan supports it.BEFORE ORDERING ITCheck where... Ordering an Upgrade to an Existing Service Upgrades are ordered from within the service, not as a new order.HOWServices > My Services... Ordering for a High-Traffic or Business-Critical Site Some sites warrant more care at the ordering stage.WHAT TO TELL US BEFORE ORDERINGExpected... Ordering Ultimate Hosting For larger or busier sites.WHO IT SUITSSites that have outgrown an entry shared plan Shops with... Out of stock when the item is in stock Availability showing incorrectly.THE COMMON CAUSESStock management enabled with a quantity of... Page Builder Problems Common issues.PAGES LOAD SLOWLYExpected. See the performance article.Reduce what the builder... Page Builders and Site Speed The performance cost.WHY BUILDERS ARE HEAVYThey load their own styles and scripts on every page... Page Loads Without Styling The content appears but the design does not.WHAT IT MEANSStylesheets failed to load. The HTML... Page Rules and Cache Rules Configuring behaviour per URL.WHAT THEY DOApply settings to URLs matching a pattern: caching... Page Speed and Why It Matters Visitors leave slow sites.THE REALITYOn a mobile connection, a page taking several seconds loses... Payment Gateway Not Appearing at Checkout The method is enabled but customers cannot see it.CHECK THESEIs it actually enabled? WooCommerce... Performance and Security Testing: Everything That Matters, Briefly The summary.REPORT PERCENTILES, NOT AVERAGESAverages conceal the slow requests users actually... Performance for Membership and Course Sites Speed with logged-in users.THE CACHING PROBLEMLogged-in pages are usually not cached.Members... Performance of Multilingual Sites The added weight.WHY THEY ARE SLOWERMultilingual plugins add queries to every request More... Performance of Static Sites Already fast, and how to keep it.WHY THEY ARE FASTThe server sends an existing file. Nothing is... Performance Terms Speed and delivery.PAGE LOAD TIMEHow long a page takes to become usable.CACHINGStoring generated... Permissions or ownership wrong after restore Files present, site failing.WHAT IT MEANSFiles transferred but their permissions or ownership did... PHP and Laravel: Everything That Matters, Briefly The whole category in one page.RUN A SUPPORTED PHP VERSION AND A SUPPORTED FRAMEWORK... PHP as a Backend Language Today The current state.WHAT HAS CHANGEDSubstantially improved performanceModern language features:... PHP Fundamentals: Everything That Matters, Briefly The summary.RUN A SUPPORTED VERSIONUnsupported versions receive no security fixes, which is a... phpBB: Setup and Running a Forum The established free forum platform.INSTALLINGAvailable in Softaculous, or manually from the... Planning for Growth With Your Provider Staying ahead of your limits.WHAT TO WATCHTotal disk and bandwidth against your allocation... Planning for Growth Without Breaking Scaling an online business.WHAT BREAKS FIRSTOrder processing, which is manual and grows linearly... Planning for Traffic Growth Before you need it.WHAT TO MONITORResource usage over time, not just today Traffic trends Disk... Playbook: The Site Is Slow Performance complaints.ESTABLISH FIRSTSlow for them, or for everyone? All pages or specific ones?... Plugins Most Sites Actually Need A realistic list.WHAT ALMOST EVERY SITE NEEDSCaching Backups A security or firewall plugin An SEO... Pre-Launch Checklist for a Shop Before you open.PRODUCTSEvery product has images, description, price and stock Specifications... Preparing a Site for Deployment Before it goes live.WHAT TO BUILDProduction output: compiled, minified, with versioned... Preparing for a Busy Sales Period Before a promotion, a holiday, or a launch.TECHNICAL PREPARATIONConfirm caching is working and... Preparing for a Traffic Spike A campaign, a launch, a mention.BEFOREConfirm caching is enabled and working Optimise the pages... Preparing Your Site for a Traffic Increase Before the traffic arrives.WHY THIS MATTERSSuccessful SEO, a campaign, or media coverage produces... Preparing Your Site for Migration Cleaning up first.WHY BOTHERMoving a bloated site moves the bloat.A migration is a natural point... Preparing Your Store for Launch A checklist for the day before you open.THE ESSENTIALSEvery payment method tested with a real... PrestaShop: Setup Notes A dedicated ecommerce platform.INSTALLINGSoftaculous or manually. Requires a supported PHP... Preventing Data Leakage Between Customers The failure that ends businesses.WHY IT IS CATASTROPHICIt is a breach, it is reportable, and... Preventing the Errors That Recur Fixing causes rather than symptoms.THE ERRORS THAT KEEP COMING BACKIP blocks, from a device using... Product Photography and Images Photographs sell the product. Everything else supports them.THE BASICSNatural light near a window... Products Not Showing in the Shop Products exist in admin but customers cannot find them.CHECK THESEIs the product published, not... Profiling Slow Code Finding where time is actually spent.MEASURE BEFORE OPTIMISINGAssumptions about what is slow are... Progressive Web Applications Web applications with application-like behaviour.WHAT THEY PROVIDEInstallation to the device... Protecting Against Common Mobile Vulnerabilities Known weaknesses.INSECURE DATA STORAGESensitive values in preferences, files, logs or... Protecting Against Traffic Floods Volumetric attacks.WHAT THEY AREAttempts to overwhelm a service or a connection with traffic.WHY... Protecting Against Volumetric Attacks Absorbing floods.WHAT THEY AREAttempts to overwhelm a service or its connection with traffic.WHY... Protocols and Transport: Everything That Matters, Briefly The summary.EACH HTTP VERSION ADDRESSED THE BOTTLENECK THE LAST ONE EXPOSEDVersion two removed... Proxied Versus DNS Only The single most important setting.THE ORANGE CLOUDIn the Cloudflare DNS panel, each record has a... Purging the Cloudflare Cache Clearing stored copies.WHEN YOU NEED TOAfter changing a stylesheet or script After updating an... Python Applications and Resource Limits Staying within your plan.WHAT LIMITS APPLYMemory Processing Simultaneous processes Entry... React Native Navigation and State Application structure.WHAT NAVIGATION REQUIRESA library, since it is not built in.WHAT TO... Real Estate and Property Listing Sites A common Nigerian use case.WHAT IT INVOLVESProperty listings with many images Search and... Recovering a Deleted Database When it is gone.FIRSTStop. Do not create a new database with the same name, which complicates... Recovering a Site from Web Archives When there is genuinely no backup.WHAT IS AVAILABLEPublic archive services crawl and store copies... Recovering an Application from Backup Restoring after something went wrong.BEFORE RESTORINGTake a copy of the current state. It may... Recovering from a Failed Promotion or Sales Spike When a busy period goes wrong.IF THE SITE WENT DOWNCheck whether it was resource limits, which... Recursive Resolver Operation Serving queries for clients.WHAT A RESOLVER DOESAccepts queries, performs resolution, caches... Redirect Rules at Cloudflare Sending one address to another.WHAT THEY DORedirect a URL or pattern to another, at the edge,... Reducing Bandwidth Use Sending less data.THE LARGEST SAVINGImage optimisation.Resizing and compressing images reduces... Reducing Database Load Fewer and lighter queries.WHAT ADDS QUERIESEach plugin Related posts and recommendations... Reducing Database Queries Per Request The most common performance problem in web applications.THE CLASSIC MISTAKEA loop that queries... Reducing Disk Usage Recovering space.WHERE TO LOOKcPanel Disk Usage, sorted by size.THE USUAL CULPRITSBackup archives... Reducing High CPU and Resource Usage on Your Account If your site is throttled, returns 508 errors, or you receive a resource limit notice from us,... Reducing Inode Usage Fewer files.WHERE THEY ACCUMULATEEmail, one file per message Cache directories with thousands of... Reducing the Number of Queries Per Page Fewer requests to the database.WHY IT MATTERSEach query has overhead. A page running four hundred... Reference: Infrastructure Problems and Where to Look Quick lookup.SITE DOWN ENTIRELYCheck from outside, then the provider's status, then your own... Reference: Laravel Problems and Where to Look Quick lookup.BLANK PAGEApplication log, then server error log.CHANGES NOT APPEARINGConfiguration... 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Resource Sharing Between Sites in One Account One account, several sites.WHAT IS SHAREDDisk space Bandwidth CPU and memory limits Inode count... Restoring a Database The restore that matters most.FROM JETBACKUPcPanel > JetBackup > Database Backups. Select... Restoring a Database from Backup Getting data back.BEFORE RESTORINGTake a copy of the current state. It contains everything added... Rolling Back a Deployment Undoing a change that broke something.WITH GITChecking out the previous commit restores the... Routes and Directions Journeys and travel time.WHAT THE SERVICES PROVIDEDirections between points Distance and duration... Running Artisan Commands on Your Hosting The command-line tool in production.WHERE TO RUN ITTerminal access in cPanel.WHAT TO SPECIFYThe... Running Containers in Development Consistent local environments.WHAT IT SOLVESEvery developer running the same versions of... 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Search Results Show the Wrong Information Outdated or incorrect details in results.THE COMMON CASESAn old title or description still... Securing a Laravel or Custom PHP Application Frameworks are secure by default in most respects, but deployment mistakes undo that.DOCUMENT... Server Resource Limits: Everything That Matters, Briefly The whole category in one page.THE LIMITSProcessor, memory, entry processes, disk operations,... Server Resources and Speed When you are hitting limits.WHAT LIMITS EXISTCPUMemory Entry processes, meaning simultaneous... Serving Static Files Images, styles and scripts.WHAT STATIC FILES AREFiles served as they are: images, stylesheets,... Setting File Permissions What must be writable.WHAT NEEDS TO BE WRITABLEThe storage directory and its contents The... Setting Realistic Speed Goals What to aim for.A REASONABLE TARGETContent visible within about two seconds on a decent... 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Site loads the old server after migration DNS or caching showing the previous host.FIRST, ESTABLISH WHICH YOU ARE SEEINGCheck what the... Site Slower After Enabling Cloudflare When the proxy makes things worse.WHY IT CAN HAPPENAn extra hop between visitor and server... Site Speed and Core Web Vitals Performance as a ranking factor.WHAT IS MEASUREDLargest Contentful Paint: how quickly the main... Site works but images and links point to the old domain URLs still referencing the previous address.WHAT IT MEANSAbsolute URLs stored in the database... Some People See the Site and Others Do Not Inconsistent resolution.WHY IT HAPPENSA recent change, with different resolvers holding different... Speed as a Search Factor How much it matters.WHAT IS TRUESpeed is one factor among many.WHAT IS OVERSTATEDThat speed alone... Speed for Online Shops Specifically Where it costs money directly.WHY IT MATTERS MOREA slow homepage loses visitors. A slow checkout... Speed on Mobile and Slow Connections The measurement that matters most.WHY THIS IS THE REAL TESTMost visitors are on phones. Many are... Speeding Up Your Online Store Shops are slower than brochure sites by nature, and most of the difference is fixable.THE ORDER... SQL Across Different Engines Dialect differences.WHAT IS STANDARDCore query structure, joins, aggregation, and much else.WHAT... Start Here: How to Diagnose Anything The approach that works.THE FIRST FOUR QUESTIONSWhat exactly happens? When did it start? What... State Management: Everything That Matters, Briefly The summary.MOST APPLICATIONS HAVE FAR LESS SHARED STATE THAN ASSUMEDMost of what ends up in a... Stock Levels Wrong or Not Updating Inventory drifting from reality causes oversells.COMMON CAUSESStock management not enabled,... Storage Infrastructure: Everything That Matters, Briefly The summary.RAID IS NOT A BACKUPIt protects against drive failure, not deletion, corruption,... Store Slow Only at Checkout Browsing is fast, checkout is slow. A specific problem with a specific cause.WHY IT HAPPENSCart... Structural Patterns Composing objects.WHAT PROBLEM THEY ADDRESSCombining objects into larger structures without rigid... Structuring NestJS Applications Modules and providers.WHAT A MODULE ISA grouping of related controllers and providers, with... Surviving Sudden Load Sudden load.WHAT CAUSES THEMMarketing activity Being featured somewhere Seasonal events Automated... Symptom: Account Suspended or Over Quota Limits and suspensions.WHAT CAUSES SUSPENSIONNon-paymentAbuse: spam, malware, or a... Symptom: Changes Cause Errors or Vanish Settings that will not save.WHAT IT USUALLY ISmax_input_vars being exceeded.WHAT THAT... Symptom: Domain Not Resolving The name goes nowhere.WHAT TO CHECK IN ORDERIs the domain expired? Where do the nameservers... Symptom: Layout Broken or Unstyled The page appears as plain text.WHAT IT MEANSThe CSS is not loading.THE COMMON CAUSESA mixed... Symptom: The Site Is Very Slow Loading takes too long.WHAT TO ESTABLISHSlow for everyone, or only for you? All pages or specific... Symptom: The Site Loads for Others but Not for Me A local problem.WHAT IT USUALLY ISBrowser cache DNS cache on your device or network Your network... Symptom: The Site Shows Old Content Changes do not appear.WHAT IT USUALLY ISCaching, at one of several levels.WHERE CACHING... Syncing a Database Between Environments Moving data safely in the right direction.THE SAFE DIRECTIONProduction to staging or local. This... System Design: Everything That Matters, Briefly The summary.ESTABLISH REQUIREMENTS AND MAGNITUDES BEFORE PROPOSING A DESIGNRough numbers are what... Technical SEO Audit Checklist What to check periodically.CRAWLING AND INDEXINGrobots.txt correct and not blocking anything... TensorFlow.js and Browser Inference Models in the browser.WHAT IT PROVIDESRunning models in a browser, using the device's... Testing in a Pipeline Running checks automatically.WHAT TO RUN ON EVERY CHANGEFast checks: formatting, static analysis,... The Application Is Slow Diagnosing performance.MEASURE FIRSTLoad a static file. If that is fast while pages are slow, the... The Domain Resolves to the Wrong Address A DNS lookup returns an address that is not your server's.WHAT IT USUALLY MEANSThe A record still... The Processor and How It Works Central processing.WHAT IT DOESFetches instructions, decodes them, executes them, and stores... The Server Is Slow: Systematic Diagnosis Working through it rather than guessing.ESTABLISH WHERE THE TIME GOESLoad a static file directly.... The Site Loads for You but Not for Customers A difference in what people see.THE LIKELY CAUSESA hosts file entry on your machine, left from... The WordPress Cloudflare Plugin Integrating the two.WHAT IT DOESRestores real visitor IP addresses, so your site does not see... Too many connections The database refused a new connection.WHAT IT MEANSThe connection limit was reached. Existing... Transferring Website Files Moving the file content.WHAT TO MOVEEverything in the web root, and anything above it your... Troubleshooting Laravel on Shared Hosting Common failures.BLANK PAGE OR SERVER ERRORRead the log first, then the server error log.Debug... TTL Settings and Propagation How quickly changes take effect.WHAT TTL ISHow long a resolver may keep a record before asking... Tuning Your Database The most impactful tuning on most servers.THE KEY SETTINGFor InnoDB, the buffer pool size... Tuning Your Web Server Configuration that matches your resources.APACHEThe main tuning is the process or thread model... Understanding AI APIs and Pricing Building and paying.WHAT AN API GIVES YOUProgrammatic access. Your software sends requests and... Understanding Azure What the platform provides.WHAT IT ISA cloud platform providing infrastructure, platform and... Understanding Backdoors and Web Shells A backdoor is code left behind so an attacker can return without needing the original... Understanding Cloudflare Caching Levels What gets stored and for how long.THE CACHING LEVEL SETTINGStandard, which treats different query... Understanding Connection Limits Simultaneous connections.WHAT LIMITS EXISTHow many requests an account can handle at once How... Understanding CPU Limits Processor time.WHAT IT MEASURESHow much processor time your account uses.WHAT CONSUMES ITEvery... Understanding DDoS Attacks A denial-of-service attack floods a site with traffic so that legitimate visitors cannot reach... Understanding Disk Space Storage.WHAT COUNTSWebsite files Databases Email Backups on the account Logs CacheWHAT USUALLY... Understanding Disk Space and Inode Usage for WordPress Sites Hosting plans limit both how much space you use and how many files you store. WordPress sites hit... Understanding Entry Processes Simultaneous requests.WHAT IT MEASURESHow many requests your account is processing at the same... Understanding Environment Configuration Settings that differ.WHAT THE ENVIRONMENT FILE ISA file of key and value pairs, read at startup,... Understanding File Permissions for Developers Getting them right so applications work and stay secure.THE STANDARD VALUESDirectories: 755Files:... Understanding GraphQL Query-driven APIs.WHAT IT ISA query language where the client specifies exactly what data it... Understanding HTTP/2 Multiplexing over one connection.WHAT IT PROVIDESSeveral concurrent streams over a single... Understanding Inode Limits The number of files.WHAT IT MEASURESThe count of files and directories in your account.Not their... Understanding Inodes (File Count Limits) An inode is one file or folder, regardless of its size. Plans limit the total count as well as... Understanding Input and Output Limits Disk operations.WHAT IT MEASURESHow much reading and writing to disk your account does.WHAT... Understanding Laravel The dominant PHP framework.WHAT IT PROVIDESRouting An ORM Migrations and seeding Validation... Understanding Memory Limits How much memory your account may use.TWO DIFFERENT LIMITSPHP memory limit: how much one script... Understanding Operating System Internals What the system actually does.WHAT THE KERNEL DOESSchedules processes Manages memory Controls... Understanding Performance Problems Why code is slow.WHAT TO DO FIRSTMeasure.Never optimise based on where you assume the time... Understanding Quotas and Rate Limits Working within platform limits.WHAT QUOTAS ARELimits on how much of a service you may... Understanding Resource Limits and 508 Errors A 508 Resource Limit Reached message means your account hit a plan limit at that moment, not that... Understanding Resource Limits as a Developer Working within a shared environment.THE LIMITSCPU time, memory, entry processes, and disk I/O,... Understanding Reverse Proxies A server in front of servers.WHAT IT ISA server accepting requests on behalf of backends, and... Understanding Slow Database Queries When the database is the bottleneck.THE SYMPTOMPages slow even with caching, particularly for... Understanding Symfony Components and structure.WHAT IT ISA framework, and a set of independent components used widely... Understanding the Laravel Project Structure Where things live.WHAT THE MAIN DIRECTORIES HOLDApplication code: controllers, models, and your... Understanding TTL and Propagation Why changes take time.WHAT TTL ISHow long a record may be cached before being checked again.Set... Understanding Your cPanel Statistics and Plan Limits The panel on the right of the cPanel home page shows what you are using against what your plan... Understanding Your Plan Limits The right-hand panel of the cPanel home page shows what you are using against what your plan... Universal Links and Deep Linking Opening content directly.WHAT A UNIVERSAL LINK ISA standard web address that opens your... Updating Hardcoded HTTP Links in Content Old content keeps pointing at insecure URLs.WHERE THEY HIDEImage src attributes in posts and... Updating Your Site URL After Enabling HTTPS The application must agree with the server.WHY IT MATTERSApplications generate links and... Upgrading a Service You Already Have Moving to a larger plan.WHEN TO UPGRADEYou are approaching your disk limit You are hitting... Using a CDN to Improve Speed Serving files from closer to visitors.WHAT IT DOESStores copies of your files on servers in many... Using a CDN with a VPS Offloading traffic from your server.WHAT IT GIVES YOUStatic files served from locations near... Using a CDN with Your Hosting A content delivery network keeps copies of your static files at locations around the world and... Using a Content Delivery Network Serving from closer.WHAT IT DOESServes your files from servers closer to each visitor.WHY THAT... Using Cloudflare Purely for DNS The proxy is optional.THE CONFIGURATIONCloudflare's nameservers, with every record set to DNS... Using Cloudflare with Your WordPress Site Cloudflare's free plan adds a global CDN, basic DDoS protection and a firewall in front of your... Using DNS Lookup Tools Checking what is actually published.WHAT THEY DOQuery DNS and show what is returned, without your... Using Git on Your Hosting Account Version control on the server.AVAILABILITYGit is available on most accounts with SSH access.... Using Google Workspace APIs Programmatic access from outside.WHAT THE MAIN APIs AREDrive, for files Sheets, docs and slides,... Using Online SSL Checkers Independent verification of your configuration.WHAT THEY REPORTWhether the certificate is valid... Using WP-CLI on Your Account Managing WordPress from the command line.WHYMany tasks are faster and more reliable than through... Verifying Mixed Content Is Fully Resolved Confirming the job is done.CHECK SEVERAL PAGE TYPESHomepage A blog post with images, ideally an... Viewing Visitor Statistics and Bandwidth cPanel includes several reporting tools under Metrics.THE TOOLSVisitors: the most recent requests... Views and Frontend: Everything That Matters, Briefly The summary.VERSIONED ASSET FILENAMESWithout them, browsers serve cached styles and a change... Waiting Room and Traffic Queuing Managing extreme spikes.WHAT IT DOESWhen traffic exceeds a threshold, additional visitors are... Web Development: Everything That Matters, Briefly The summary.CHOOSE AN ESTABLISHED, WELL-DOCUMENTED FRAMEWORKAnswers exist when you are stuck.... Web Performance: Everything That Matters, Briefly The summary.WHAT MATTERS IS WHEN SOMETHING USEFUL APPEARSNot when everything has finished. And... Website and CMS Terms Content management.CMSA content management system: software for managing a site's content without... Website Speed: Everything That Matters, Briefly The whole category in one page.THE THREE THINGS THAT PRODUCE MOST OF THE GAINImages: resize, then... What .htaccess Does The configuration file that controls a great deal.WHAT IT CONTROLSURL rewriting, including... What a CDN Is and How It Works The general concept.THE IDEACopies of your static files held at many locations around the world.... What a Database Actually Is The part of your site that holds everything.THE SHORT VERSIONYour website has two halves. Files... What Build Tools Do The processing step.WHY A BUILD EXISTSSource code uses features, syntax and structure that... What Caching Is and Why It Matters The second biggest gain.THE PROBLEM IT SOLVESWithout caching, every visit rebuilds the page:... What Cloudflare Actually Does The service explained plainly.THE BASIC IDEACloudflare sits between your visitors and our... What Cloudflare Caches by Default Understanding what is and is not stored.CACHED BY DEFAULTStatic files: images, stylesheets,... What DNS Actually Does Turning a name into an address.THE PROBLEM IT SOLVESComputers connect to numeric addresses.... What DNS Does Names to addresses.WHAT IT ISThe system translating names people use into addresses machines... What Laravel Provides Why use a framework.WHAT IT GIVES YOURouting Request and response handling Database access and an... What Plugins Do and What They Cost Understanding the trade-off.WHAT THEY DOAdd functionality WordPress does not include: forms,... What to Check After Any Cloudflare Change A short verification routine.THE SITELoads over https with no warning Inner pages load Images... What You Need to Run an Online Store Before installing anything, understand the pieces involved.THE ESSENTIALSA domain, which... When a Deployment Breaks the Site Recovering quickly.FIRST, RESTORE SERVICERoll back. Check out the previous commit, or switch the... When a Restore Fails The backup did not work.COMMON CAUSESThe archive is corrupt or was incompletely transferred The... When Caching Causes Problems Diagnosing cache issues.THE COMMON SYMPTOMSChanges you made do not appear A visitor sees someone... When There Is No Usable Backup The worst case.FIRST, EXHAUST THE OPTIONSCheck whether we hold a server-side restore point within... When to Get Help With Speed Knowing your limit.WHAT YOU CAN DO YOURSELFResize and compress images Enable caching Update PHP... When to Move from Shared Hosting to a VPS Shared hosting suits most websites. These are the signs it no longer suits yours.GENUINE... When to Upgrade Your Reseller Plan Upgrade before capacity becomes a problem, not after.CLEAR SIGNALSDisk or inode usage... When You Genuinely Need a Larger Plan Knowing the difference.WHEN AN UPGRADE IS THE RIGHT ANSWERGenuine visitor traffic exceeding what... When Your Database Has Outgrown Shared Hosting Recognising the limit.THE SIGNSQueries consistently slow despite indexes and caching Connection... Where Website Slowness Actually Comes From The real causes, ranked.IMAGESThe largest cause by a wide margin. Uncompressed photographs... Why Databases Get Slow Understanding the causes.THE MAIN CAUSESMissing indexes on tables that have grownBloat:... Why DNS Changes Sometimes Seem Not to Work The common explanations.YOU CHANGED IT IN THE WRONG PLACEIf your nameservers point at Cloudflare... Why Hosting Accounts Have Resource Limits The reason they exist.THE PRINCIPLEShared hosting means many accounts on one server.Limits... Why Website Speed Matters The commercial case.WHAT SLOW COSTS YOUVisitors who leave before the page loads Customers who... Why Your Analytics Numbers Look Wrong Common data problems.THE NUMBERS ARE TOO HIGHYour own visits are counted Bot traffic is included... Why Your Website Is Slow Slow sites almost always come down to the same handful of causes, and the server is rarely one of... WordPress Plugins: Everything That Matters, Briefly The whole category in one page.THE CORE PRINCIPLEEvery plugin must earn its place.Each adds code,... Working with APIs and External Services Calling other systems from your application.PRACTICAL RULESAlways set a timeout. An API call... Writing Code That Scales Practical performance engineering.WHAT TO DO FIRSTMeasure, and establish where time is actually... Writing Modern PHP Current practice.WHAT TO DECLAREStrict types, at the top of every file.WHYOtherwise values are... Your site is using excessive resources A notice about consumption.WHAT IT MEANSYour account is consistently consuming more than its...
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